Accuracy assessment of global historical cropland datasets based on regional reconstructed historical data—A case study in Northeast China   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

BeiBei Li  XiuQi Fang  Yu Ye  XueZhen Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,53(11):1689-1699

Historical cropland datasets are fundamental for quantifying the effects of human land use activities on climatic change and the carbon cycle. Two representative global land-use datasets, the Global Land Use Database (termed SAGE dataset) and the Historical Database of the Global Environment (termed HYDE dataset) have been established and used widely. Despite improvement of data quality and methodologies for extracting historical land use information, certain dataset limitations exist that need to be quantified and communicated to users so that they can make informed decisions on whether and how these land-use products should be used. The Cropland data of Northeast China (CNEC) is based on calibrated historical data and a multi-sourced data conversion model, and reconstructs cropland cover change in Northeast China over the last 300 years. Using the CNEC as a reference, we evaluated the accuracy of cropland cover for SAGE and HYDE in Northeast China at spatial scales ranging from the entire Northeast China to provinces and even individual raster grid cells. Neither SAGE nor HYDE reflects real historical land reclamation. Cropland areas in SAGE are overestimated by 20.98 times in 1700 to 1.6 times in 1990. Although HYDE is better, there are significant disagreements in cropland area and distribution between HYDE and CNEC, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. The proportion of total grid cells whose relative error was greater than 100% was 63.55% in 1700 and 53.27% in 1780. Global cropland dataset errors over Northeast China originate mainly from both the reverse calculation method for historical cropland data based on modern spatial patterns, and modern land-use outputs from satellite data.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of the Vibrio anguillarum prtV gene encoding a new metalloprotease     

莫照兰  郭东升  茅云翔  叶旭红  邹玉霞  肖鹏  郝斌 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(1):55-61

We cloned and sequenced a prtV-like gene from Vibrio anguillarum M3 strain. This prtV gene encodes a putative protein of 918 amino acids, and is highly homologous to the V. cholerae prtV gene. We found that a prtV insertion mutant strain displayed lower gelatinase activity on gelatin agar, lower protease activity against azocasein, and lower activity for four glycosidases. This prtV mutant strain also had increased activity for two esterases in its extracellular products, as analyzed by the API ZYM system. In addition, the prtV mutant strain exhibited decreased growth in turbot intestinal mucus and reduced hemolytic activity on turbot erythrocytes. Infection experiments showed that the LD₅₀ of the prtV mutant strain increased by at least 1 log compared to the wild-type in turbot fish. We propose that prtV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of V. anguillarum.  相似文献   

Impacts of internal waves on chlorophyll a distribution in the northern portion of the South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨顶田  叶海彬  王桂芬 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(5):1095-1101

Internal waves can bring nutrients to the upper level of water bodies and facilitate phytoplankton photosynthesis. Internal waves occur frequently in the northern portion of the South China Sea and inflict an important effect on chlorophyll a distribution. In this study, in-situ observation and satellite remote sensing data were used to study the effects of internal waves on chlorophyll a distribution. Based on the in-situ observations, lower chlorophyll a concentrations were present in the middle and bottom level in areas in which internal waves occur frequently, while the surface chlorophyll a distribution increased irregularly, and a small area with relatively higher chlorophyll a concentrations was observed in the area around the Dongsha Island. Satellite remote sensing showed that the chlorophyll a concentration increased in the area near Dongsha Island, where internal waves frequently occurred. The results of the increased chlorophyll a concentration in the surface water near Dongsha Island in the northern portion of the South China Sea indicated that internal waves could uplift phytoplankton and facilitate phytoplankton growth.  相似文献   

Gene cloning and prokaryotic expression of recombinant flagellin A from Vibrio parahaemolyticus     

袁野  王秀利  郭设平  刘洋  葛辉  仇雪梅 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(6):1254-1260

The Gram-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common pathogen in humans and marine animals. Bacteria flagellins play an important role during infection and induction of the host immune response. Thus, flagellin proteins are an ideal target for vaccines. We amplified the complete flagellin subunit gene (flaA) from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. We then cloned and expressed the gene into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The gene coded for a protein that was 62.78 kDa. We purified and characterized the protein using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and Anti-His antibody Western blotting, respectively. Our results provide a basis for further studies into the utility of the FlaA protein as a vaccine candidate against infection by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In addition, the purified FlaA protein can be used for further functional and structural studies.  相似文献   

基于摩尔-库仑模型的非线性本构模型的开发及其在应变局部化中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶帅  王学滨  潘一山  王玮 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):403-0407

以FLAC中的Mohr-Coulomb（M-C）本构模型为基础,在C++环境下实现了考虑拉伸截断的非线性本构模型的二次开发。针对应力及位移的分布规律,将理想弹塑性的Hoek-Brown（H-B）本构模型、M-C本构模型及自定义本构模型的数值解及H-B本构模型的理论解进行了比较,验证了自定义本构模型的正确性。采用弹-脆-塑性的自定义本构模型,以先加载,后挖洞的方式模拟了圆形巷道围岩的应变局部化过程,在计算模型的边界条件对称及均质本构参数的条件下,模拟出了4个对称的V型坑,模拟结果与静水压力条件下岩爆的现场观测及试验结果吻合,而采用接近脆性的H-B应变软化模型所得结果的对称性较差  相似文献   

黄土结构性力学特性研究与应用的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邵生俊  陶虎  许萍 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z2):42-50

大孔隙、高孔隙比、欠压密的非饱和黄土具有显著的结构性,结构性是影响土力学性质的关键因素。在讨论土结构性力学特性研究途径的基础上,从反映土的结构可稳性和可变性的综合结构势出发,阐述了反映力、水作用的黄土压缩变形结构性参数、应力结构性参数和应力比结构性参数,以及与土的物理性质指标对应的反映结构特征的构度。通过黄土的单轴抗压试验、非饱和直接剪切试验、三轴试验和真三轴试验,揭示了结构性参数和构度的变化规律,以及它们分别与强度指标之间的关系,提出了湿、剪变形过程等结构性临界状态的概念。将正常固结土视为结构性参数或构度等于1的无结构性土,在修正剑桥模型的基础上,考虑临界状态线和等向压缩曲线随结构性参数的变化,建立了结构性屈服面方程,为建立结构性弹塑性本构方程打下了基础。同时,阐述了黄土隧道围岩和黄土地基稳定性分析中应用结构性强度变化规律研究成果的途径,深化了黄土体稳定性分析的理论基础。  相似文献   

不同预冻速率对猪主动脉冻干过程的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶乐仁  刘萌芳  吴建青  张淑红  李咏富 《CT理论与应用研究》2010,19(1):62-70

本实验将猪主动脉血管的冷冻干燥与微CT扫描结合,对不同的预冻速率下的猪主动脉血管及冻干各阶段进行非侵入地扫描,并利用软件得到的孔隙率与灰度值,比较出不同处理方法对血管造成的差异。其中,预冻过程降温速率为0.5℃·min-1,1℃·min-1,2℃·min-1的血管冻干前后孔隙率的变化率分别为11.9%,16.6%,29.7%;平均灰度值的变化率分别为2.27%,3.64%,6.36%。同时,也对升华过程的界面移动进行了扫描,从血管组成结构的角度分析了造成界面移动变化的原因。  相似文献   

马衔山北缘断裂西段地震动场估计的震源模型   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘海明  陶夏新  孙晓丹  刘陶钧 《世界地震工程》2010,26(3)

为估计近场地震动场,研究了设定在邻近兰州市马衔山北缘断裂西段一个6.5级地震的震源模型。在这个混合震源模型中有2类震源参数。全局参数主要根据区域地壳结构、区域地震活动性和半经验标定公式确定。局部参数分两组,一组是描述凹凸体的,主要根据详细的活断层探查资料和标定公式确定;另一组是k平方模型参数,依标定公式估算。文中展示了生成震源模型的6个例子。最后,依选定的计算点随机合成的地震动反应谱选定了代表平均特征的震源模型。  相似文献   

强震下地铁车站结构动力响应特性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

边金  陶连金  王文沛  张波 《世界地震工程》2010,26(2)

研究地下结构在地震中的动力响应,对地铁的建设和安全运营有重要的现实意义.根据试验条件和Bockingham定理,作者确定了试验相似比,针对北京地区的地质条件和典型的地铁车站结构进行了大型振动台试验,并对得到的加速度时程进行了分析.通过分析,发现土与地下结构间存在相互作用,但地下结构不会表现出其自振频率,而是随着土体一起振动;在低强度地震下,地下结构对土体影响较小;在高强度地震下,地下结构对土体影响较大;峰值加速度的放大倍数不会超过2,且同一点的放大倍数基本保持不变;随埋深的增加,卓越频率和其振幅会减小,且加速度峰值也有相似的规律.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西部侏罗系煤储层特征及有利区预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许浩  汤达祯  唐书恒  张文忠  张松航  陶树  王烽 《煤田地质与勘探》2010,38(1):26

在系统采集样品的基础上,通过对煤样的煤质、煤岩显微组分、煤相、煤岩显微裂隙分析及孔隙度和压汞孔隙结构测试,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地西部的煤层气储层物性特征,并采用多层次模糊数学评价方法,预测了煤层气资源分布的有利区。结果表明,该区侏罗系煤储层具有较强的生气潜力和储气能力,孔隙系统具双峰分布特点,以微孔-小孔和大孔为主,其中二道岭-汝箕沟地区具备"小而肥"的资源优势,是该区煤层气勘探开发的最有利目标区。   相似文献